Here are the basic principles of stainless steel electropolishing:

Electrolyte Solution: In the process of stainless steel electropolishing, an electrolyte solution is required, typically a solution containing acidic or alkaline components. The ions in this solution can conduct electricity between the electrolyte solution and the stainless steel surface, initiating electrochemical reactions.

Anode and Cathode: During the electropolishing process, the stainless steel workpiece typically acts as the cathode, while a more easily oxidizable material (such as copper or stainless steel block) acts as the anode. An electrical connection is established between these two through the electrolyte solution.

Electrochemical Reactions: When current flows through the electrolyte solution and the stainless steel workpiece, two main electrochemical reactions occur:

Cathodic Reaction: At the surface of the stainless steel workpiece, hydrogen ions (H+) gain electrons in an electrochemical reduction reaction, producing hydrogen gas (H2).

Anodic Reaction: On the anode material, the metal dissolves, releasing metal ions into the electrolyte solution.

Removal of Surface Irregularities: Due to the anodic reaction causing metal dissolution and the cathodic reaction leading to hydrogen gas generation, these reactions result in the correction of minor imperfections and irregularities on the stainless steel surface. This makes the surface smoother and more polished.

Surface Polishing: Electropolishing also involves the use of mechanical means, such as rotating brushes or polishing wheels, to further improve the smoothness of the stainless steel surface. This helps to remove residual dirt and oxides, making the surface even smoother and glossier.

In summary, the principle of stainless steel electropolishing is based on electrochemical reactions, where the synergy of electric current, electrolyte solution, and mechanical polishing enhances the appearance and smoothness of stainless steel surfaces, making them more suitable for applications that require high levels of smoothness and aesthetics. This process is commonly used in the manufacturing of stainless steel products, such as household items, kitchenware, automotive components, and more.