Gutobora kwangirika nanone bita umwobo muto, kwangiza cyangwa gutobora.
Nuburyo bwo kwangirika kwangirika aho igice kinini cyubuso bwaicyumantabwo yangirika cyangwa yangirika gato, ariko ibyobo byangirika bigaragara ahantu kandi bigatera imbere cyane.Ibyobo bimwe bibaho mu bwigunge, mugihe ibindi byahujwe kandi bisa nkubuso butagaragara.Ibyobo bya Etch birashobora kuba binini cyangwa bito, ariko muri rusange ni bito, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira ibyobo bitandukanye byo gutobora byambukiranya igice, ukurikije ubunini, ubujyakuzimu bw'umwobo wa etch muri rusange bingana cyangwa burenze umurambararo wa diameter.Gutobora nimwe mubintu byangiza cyane byangirika bya duplex idafite ibyuma.Gutobora umwobo akenshi niho utangirira guhangayikishwa no kwangirika kwangirika.
Ibyumafirime ya passivation yubuso bitewe nuko hari inenge mubyuma bidafite ingese, ibishyizwe hamwe nibisubizo, nka inomomogeneité, kuburyo firime ya passivation yoroshye cyane aha hantu, mubisubizo byihariye byangirika birimburwa byoroshye, gusenya igice cya anode biba ikora, agace kegeranye gahinduka agace ka cathode, igipimo cyubuso bwibiri ni gito cyane, ubucucike bwa anodic ni bunini cyane, ibikorwa byo kwikiza byihuta, hanyuma bigahinduka umubare wibyobo bisa ninshinge.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda, kimwe nibindi byuma bishingiyepassivationkubirwanya ruswa, mubisubizo birimo anion yihariye (chloride, bromide, hypochlorite, cyangwa ioni thiosulfate).Igihe cyose ubushobozi bwo kwangirika (cyangwa bushobora gukoreshwa mugihe cya anodic polarisiyasi) burenze ubushobozi bwa Eb, guterana bishobora kubaho.Uburyo bwo gutobora ruswa ya duplex idafite ibyuma ni kimwe nandi mashanyarazi.
Ibyuma bivurwahamwe na okiside itangazamakuru, igipimo cyayo cyangirika kurenza umwimerere utaravuwe mbere yo kugabanuka gukabije mubintu bizwi nka passivation yicyuma.Uburyo bwa passivation burashobora gukoreshwa cyane cyane mugusobanura ibitekerezo bya firime yoroheje, ni ukuvuga,passivationbiterwa nuruhare rwicyuma na okiside itangazamakuru, uruhare rwubuso bwicyuma kugirango habeho ikintu cyoroshye cyane, cyinshi, cyiza cyo gukwirakwiza, gishobora kuba gifatanye neza nicyuma cyo hejuru cyicyuma.Iyi firime mubice bitandukanye ibaho, mubisanzwe ogisijeni hamwe nibyuma.Ifite uruhare rwibitangazamakuru byuma na ruswa bitandukanijwe rwose ninshingano zo gukumira ibyuma byangirika nibitangazamakuru byangirika muburyo butaziguye, kuburyo icyuma ahanini gihagarika gushonga kugirango kibe leta ishimishije kugirango ikumire ingaruka za ruswa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-27-2023